Trademark protection shall not be available to:

a) signs which belong to the public domains, except where they have become recognised as a trademark for the goods or services for which they are claimed;

b) shapes which constitute the nature of the goods themselves and shapes of goods or of their packaging which are technically necessary;

c) misleading signs;

d) signs which contravene public order, public morality or applicable law.

In addition, trademark protection does not cover signs which:

a) are identical with an earlier trademark and are intended for the same goods or services as such trademark;

b) are identical with an earlier trademark and are intended for similar goods or services and a risk of confusion results therefrom;

c) are similar to an earlier trademark and are intended for the same or similar goods or services and a risk of confusion results therefrom.